From good to confident, one week at a time.
A twelve-week path built for you. Each week has new words, one clear grammar idea, things to talk about, and a little quiz to check it stuck. Take your time — the goal isn’t perfect, it’s brave.
Learn
One grammar idea + new words, explained simply with examples.
Flip
Tap the cards to check meaning. Mark the ones you already know.
Speak
Talking prompts for our lesson. Mistakes are completely allowed.
Check
A short quiz with instant feedback, then mark the week done.
Your focus this term
The one habit that makes English sound natural. Come back to this page whenever a/an/the trips you up.
Your 12-week path
Click any week to open it. Your progress saves automatically on this device.
Reference · Materiał referencyjny · Elevate
English grammar,
on one page
Every working part of the language, organised to look up — not to read cover to cover.
No matches / Brak wyników. Clear the search to see everything.
Parts of speech · Części mowy
Noun
A person, place, thing, or idea.
Pronoun
Stands in for a noun to avoid repeating it.
Verb
Expresses an action or a state. Carries tense.
Adjective
Describes a noun. Answers which? what kind? how many?
Adverb
Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb. How? when? where? how much?
Preposition
Shows a noun’s relationship to the rest (time, place, direction).
Conjunction
Joins words, phrases, or clauses.
Determiner
Introduces a noun, signalling quantity or specificity.
Interjection
A standalone word expressing emotion, grammatically detached.
The twelve tenses · Dwanaście czasów
to work. Read a column for the aspect, a row for the time.
| Time Czas | Simple prosty | Continuous ciągły | Perfect dokonany | Perfect continuous dokonany ciągły |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present teraźniejszy | base / -sI work · she worksHabits, facts, schedules pracuję · ona pracuje — nawyki, fakty, rozkłady |
am/is/are + -ingI am workingNow, temporary, planned future właśnie pracuję — teraz, tymczasowo, zaplanowana przyszłość |
have/has + p.p.I have workedPast action, present relevance (już) pracowałam — przeszłość z odniesieniem do teraz |
have/has been + -ingI have been workingDuration up to now pracuję (od jakiegoś czasu) — czynność trwająca aż do teraz |
| Past przeszły | -ed / 2nd formI workedFinished, specific past pracowałam — zakończona, konkretna przeszłość |
was/were + -ingI was workingIn progress at a past moment pracowałam (w danym momencie) — czynność w toku w przeszłości |
had + p.p.I had workedBefore another past event pracowałam (wcześniej, przed czymś) — przed innym wydarzeniem w przeszłości |
had been + -ingI had been workingDuration before a past point pracowałam (od jakiegoś czasu) — czas trwania przed punktem w przeszłości |
| Future przyszły | will + baseI will workPredictions, decisions, offers będę pracować — przewidywania, decyzje, oferty |
will be + -ingI will be workingIn progress at a future moment będę pracować (w danym momencie) — w toku w określonym momencie przyszłości |
will have + p.p.I will have workedFinished before a future point skończę (przed czymś) — zakończona przed punktem w przyszłości |
will have been + -ingI will have been workingDuration before a future point będę pracować (do punktu w przyszłości) — czas trwania przed punktem w przyszłości |
Present perfect vs. past simple
Past simple = finished time. Present perfect = unfinished/unstated time, linked to now.
Other ways to talk about the future
be going to— plans & evidencepresent continuous— fixed arrangementspresent simple— timetables
Verbs & modals · Czasowniki i modalne
The five verb forms · Pięć form czasownika
| Form Forma | Example Przykład |
|---|---|
| Base / infinitive forma podstawowa (bezokolicznik) | work · go · be |
| Third person -s trzecia osoba (-s) | works · goes · is |
| Past simple czas przeszły prosty | worked · went · was |
| Past participle imiesłów bierny (III forma) | worked · gone · been |
| -ing form imiesłów czynny (-ing) | working · going · being |
Modal verbs · Czasowniki modalne
Add meaning before a base verb. No -s, no to.
| can / could | ability, possibility, permission umiejętność, możliwość, pozwolenie |
| may / might | permission, possibility pozwolenie, możliwość |
| must | strong obligation, certainty silny obowiązek, pewność |
| should / ought to | advice, expectation rada, oczekiwanie |
| will / would | future, willingness, hypothetical przyszłość, gotowość, hipoteza |
Gerund vs. infinitive
-ing: enjoy, avoid, finish, suggest. to: decide, want, hope, agree.
Phrasal verbs
Verb + particle, with a meaning you can’t always guess.
Subject–verb agreement
- Singular subject → singular verb
- each / everyone / nobody → singular
- Ignore phrases between
Verb types
- Transitive — needs an object
- Intransitive — no object
- Linking — joins subject to description
Conditionals · Okresy warunkowe
| Type Typ | Structure Budowa | Use Zastosowanie | Example Przykład |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zero zerowy | if + present, present | General truths, facts prawdy ogólne, fakty | If you heat ice, it melts. |
| First pierwszy | if + present, will + base | Real, likely future realna, prawdopodobna przyszłość | If it rains, I’ll stay in. |
| Second drugi | if + past, would + base | Unreal present/future nierealna / mało prawdopodobna teraźniejszość lub przyszłość | If I had time, I would paint. |
| Third trzeci | if + past perfect, would have + p.p. | Unreal past (regret) nierealna przeszłość (żal, gdybanie) | If I’d known, I would have called. |
| Mixed mieszany | if + past perfect, would + base | Past cause → present result przyczyna w przeszłości → skutek teraz | If I’d slept, I wouldn’t be tired now. |
Sentences & clauses · Zdania i ich części
Clause vs. phrase
- Clause — has subject + verb (independent stands alone; dependent doesn’t)
- Phrase — group of words, no subject–verb pair
Four sentence types
- Simple — one independent clause
- Compound — two joined (and/but/so, 😉
- Complex — independent + dependent
- Compound-complex — two+ independent + dependent
Word order
Default order is Subject – Verb – Object; adverbials go Manner–Place–Time.
Relative clauses
- Defining — essential, no commas
- Non-defining — extra, commas
Three common faults
- Fragment — missing subject or verb
- Run-on — two clauses, no link
- Comma splice — clauses joined by only a comma
Questions
- Yes/no — invert auxiliary: Do you climb?
- Wh- — question word first
- Subject question — no auxiliary: Who called?
- Tag — …aren’t you?
Articles · Przedimki (rodzajniki)
| Article Przedimek | When Kiedy | Example Przykład |
|---|---|---|
| a / an | Singular, countable, non-specific or first mention. an before a vowel sound. Liczba pojedyncza, policzalny, nieokreślony lub pierwsza wzmianka. an przed dźwiękiem samogłoskowym. | a designer · an hour · an MA |
| the | Specific, already known, or unique. Określony, już znany lub jedyny w swoim rodzaju. | the studio, the sun |
| (zero) | Plurals & uncountables in general; most names, languages, meals. Liczba mnoga i niepoliczalne w znaczeniu ogólnym; większość nazw, języki, posiłki. | Coffee is life · I teach English |
Pronouns · Zaimki
| Person Osoba | Subject podmiotowy | Object dopełnieniowy | Poss. adj. dzierżawczy (przym.) | Poss. pron. dzierżawczy (rzecz.) | Reflexive zwrotny |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 sing. | I | me | my | mine | myself |
| 2 | you | you | your | yours | yourself |
| 3 masc. | he | him | his | his | himself |
| 3 fem. | she | her | her | hers | herself |
| 3 neut. | it | it | its | — | itself |
| 1 plural | we | us | our | ours | ourselves |
| 3 plural | they | them | their | theirs | themselves |
Comparison · Stopniowanie
Comparatives & superlatives
| Length Długość | Comparative wyższy | Superlative najwyższy |
|---|---|---|
| 1 syllable | faster | the fastest |
| -y ending | happier | the happiest |
| 2+ syllables | more careful | the most careful |
| irregular | better · worse | the best · the worst |
Adjective order
opinion · size · age · shape · colour · origin · material · purpose
Voice & reported speech · Strona i mowa zależna
Active vs. passive
Passive = be + past participle. Use it when the doer is unknown or unimportant.
Passive: The site was shipped.
Reported (indirect) speech
Tenses shift back one step; pronouns & time words change.
| present → past | “I work” → she said she worked |
| will → would | “I’ll go” → he said he would go |
| now → then | today → that day |
Prepositions of time & place · Przyimki czasu i miejsca
at
Time: clock times — at 6, at night.
Place: exact points — at the gym, at home.
in
Time: months, years, parts of day.
Place: enclosed/larger areas — in Krakow.
on
Time: days & dates — on Monday.
Place: surfaces — on the table.
Punctuation · Interpunkcja
| Mark Znak | Main job Funkcja | Example Przykład |
|---|---|---|
| , comma przecinek | Separates list items, clauses, added info. Oddziela elementy listy, zdania i wtrącenia. | After the call, we shipped it. |
| ; semicolon średnik | Joins two linked independent clauses. Łączy dwa powiązane zdania niezależne. | I trained; she rested. |
| : colon dwukropek | Introduces a list, explanation, or quote. Wprowadza listę, wyjaśnienie lub cytat. | Bring three: notes, pen, laptop. |
| ‘ apostrophe apostrof | Possession or contraction. Never for plurals. Przynależność lub skrócenie. Nigdy do liczby mnogiej. | the client’s brief · it’s late |
| — em dash myślnik (pauza) | Sharp break, emphasis, or aside. Wyraźna przerwa, podkreślenie, wtrącenie. | It worked — finally. |
| – hyphen łącznik (dywiz) | Joins compound modifiers before a noun. Łączy złożone określenia przed rzeczownikiem. | a well-known studio |
| ” ” quotes cudzysłów | Direct speech and titles. Mowa niezależna i tytuły. | She said, “Done.” |